ASGP (2021), vol. 91: 101–111
INTERGROWTH OF BRYOZOANS WITH OTHER INVERTEBRATES IN THE LATE PRIDOLI OF SAAREMAA, ESTONIA
Olev VINN (1*), Andrej ERNST (2), Mark A. WILSON (3) & Ursula TOOM (4)
1) Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: olev.vinn@ut.ee
2) Institut für Geologie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; e-mail: Andrej.Ernst@uni-hamburg.de
3) Department of Earth Sciences, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; e-mail: mwilson@wooster.edu
4) Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; e-mail: Ursula.Toom@taltech.ee
*) Corresponding author
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M. A. & Toom, U., 2021. Intergrowth of bryozoans with other invertebrates in the Late Pridoli of Saaremaa, Estonia. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 91: 101–111.
Abstract: Nine invertebrates intergrew with bryozoans in the latest Pridoli of Saaremaa, Estonia, namely: cornulitids (Cornulites baranovi and Conchicolites sp.), hydrozoans, rugosans (Tryplasma sp. and Entelophyllum sp.), Anoigmaichnus, microconchids (Tuberoconchus wilsoni), unknown tubicolous organisms and unknown soft-bodied organisms. The most common host of endobionts was Fistulipora przhidolensis, but trepostomes also participated in symbiotic associations. Solitary rugosan-cystoporate and hydrozoan-cystoporate associations were common in the Pridoli of Saaremaa, while other cases of intergrowth are rare. The rugosan-cystoporate, hydrozoan-cystoporate, hydrozoan-trepostome and Anoigmaichnus-cystoporate associations most likely were not a result of accidental intergrowth, whereas other associations presumably resulted from accidental intergrowth of two organisms. New data from the Pridoli of Saaremaa indicate that the Pridoli probably was not a time of lowered symbiosis levels in the regional ecosystem. Symbiosis levels in the Pridoli of Baltica were comparable to those in the Ludlow and Early Devonian worldwide.
Manuscript received 4 August 2020, accepted 25 February 2021
